31 research outputs found
Remote Sensing for NonâTechnical Survey
This chapter describes the research activities of the Royal Military Academy on remote sensing applied to mine action. Remote sensing can be used to detect specific features that could lead to the suspicion of the presence, or absence, of mines. Work on the automatic detection of trenches and craters is presented here. Land cover can be extracted and is quite useful to help mine action. We present here a classification method based on Gabor filters. The relief of a region helps analysts to understand where mines could have been laid. Methods to be a digital terrain model from a digital surface model are explained. The special case of multiâspectral classification is also addressed in this chapter. Discussion about data fusion is also given. Hyperâspectral data are also addressed with a change detection method. Synthetic aperture radar data and its fusion with optical data have been studied. Radar interferometry and polarimetry are also addressed
Production du Mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] sur des Sols Enrichis par la Boue RĂ©siduaire, la Fumure Bovine et lâEngrais Chimique NPK
La croissance rapide de la population, lâaugmentation des besoins en aliment et la perte de la fertilitĂ© des sols agricoles amĂšnent Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir sur les moyens alternatifs de production durable. La boue rĂ©siduaire issue de lâusine de traitement dâeau potable de Goudel (Niamey), eu Ă©gard Ă sa richesse en Ă©lĂ©ment fertilisant, a Ă©tĂ© testĂ©e sur la culture de mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental utilisĂ© est un bloc complet randomisĂ© composĂ© de trois rĂ©pĂ©titions et huit traitements. Cinq traitements avec des doses croissantes de boues, un traitement de fumure bovine, un traitement dâengrais chimique (NPK_15-15-15) et un traitement tĂ©moin sans apport. Les paramĂštres mesurĂ©s sont la Hauteur des tiges, la longueur des Ă©pis, le diamĂštre des tiges et des Ă©pis, la biomasse, le nombre dâĂ©pis et le rendement en graines. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude comparative montrent que les rendements en grains obtenus avec la boue comme matiĂšre fertilisante sont supĂ©rieurs (66,87%) Ă ceux obtenus sur les sols non amendĂ©s. Ils montrent Ă©galement que la dose de boue B3 a permis de concilier les meilleurs rendements en grain et en biomasse de mil, il est de ce fait considĂ©rer comme le meilleur traitement dans le cadre dâune valorisation de ces boues en culture pluviale.
Rapid population growth, increasing food requirements, and the loss of fertility in agricultural soils are prompting reflection on alternative means of sustainable production. Waste sludge from the Goudel drinking water treatment plant (Niamey) was tested on millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], given its richness in fertilizing elements. The experimental set-up used was a randomized complete block with three replicates and eight treatments. Five treatments with increasing doses of sludge, one treatment of bovine manure, one treatment of chemical fertilizer (NPK_15-15-15), and one control treatment with no input. The parameters measured were stem height, ear length, stem and ear diameter, biomass, number of ears, and seed yield. The results of this comparative study show that grain yields obtained with sludge as fertilizer are higher (66.87%) than those obtained on unamended soils. They also show that the B3 sludge dose was able to reconcile the best grain and millet biomass yields, and is therefore considered the best treatment for rainfed sludge utilization
Production du Mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] sur des Sols Enrichis par la Boue RĂ©siduaire, la MatiĂšre Organique et lâEngrais Chimique
La croissance rapide de la population, lâaugmentation des besoins en aliments et la perte de la fertilitĂ© des sols agricoles amĂšnent Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir sur les moyens alternatifs de production durable. La boue rĂ©siduaire issue de lâusine de traitement dâeau potable de Goudel (Niamey), eu Ă©gard Ă sa richesse en Ă©lĂ©ments fertilisants, a Ă©tĂ© testĂ©e sur la culture de mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental utilisĂ© est un bloc complet randomisĂ© composĂ© de trois rĂ©pĂ©titions et huit traitements. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude montrent que les rendements en grains obtenus avec la boue comme matiĂšre fertilisante sont supĂ©rieurs (66,87%) Ă ceux obtenus sur les sols non amendĂ©s.
The rapid increasing of the population, the raise in need of food and the loose of fertile agricultural soil draw people's minds on the alternative ways of durable production. The residual mud from the water treatment's factory of Goudel (Niamey), regarding to its richness in fertilizer's elements, is tested on the millet farming [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.].The experimental device used is a complete randomized block composed with three (3) repetitions and eight (8) treatments. The results of the study show that the outputs in seed gotten with the mud as a matter of fertilizer are superior (66,87%)to those found on the non-amendment soils
Production du Mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] sur des Sols Enrichis par la Boue RĂ©siduaire, la MatiĂšre Organique et lâEngrais Chimique
La croissance rapide de la population, lâaugmentation des besoins en aliments et la perte de la fertilitĂ© des sols agricoles amĂšnent Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir sur les moyens alternatifs de production durable. La boue rĂ©siduaire issue de lâusine de traitement dâeau potable de Goudel (Niamey), eu Ă©gard Ă sa richesse en Ă©lĂ©ments fertilisants, a Ă©tĂ© testĂ©e sur la culture de mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental utilisĂ© est un bloc complet randomisĂ© composĂ© de trois rĂ©pĂ©titions et huit traitements. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude montrent que les rendements en grains obtenus avec la boue comme matiĂšre fertilisante sont supĂ©rieurs (66,87%) Ă ceux obtenus sur les sols non amendĂ©s.
The rapid increasing of the population, the raise in need of food and the loose of fertile agricultural soil draw people's minds on the alternative ways of durable production. The residual mud from the water treatment's factory of Goudel (Niamey), regarding to its richness in fertilizer's elements, is tested on the millet farming [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.].The experimental device used is a complete randomized block composed with three (3) repetitions and eight (8) treatments. The results of the study show that the outputs in seed gotten with the mud as a matter of fertilizer are superior (66,87%)to those found on the non-amendment soils
Habitudes Alimentaires au Niger : Cartographie des Recettes Culinaires des MĂ©nages
Depuis la crise de 2005, les taux de personnes atteints de sous-nutrition Ă©voluent en dents de scie au Niger, dâoĂč la stratĂ©gie de lâĂ©tat dâamĂ©liorer lâalimentation des populations pour y remĂ©dier. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă Ă©tablir, toutes les recettes alimentaires, leurs ingrĂ©dients et les aliments communĂ©ment consommĂ©s dans les mĂ©nages au Niger. Ces derniers ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s auprĂšs de plusieurs sources, rĂ©organisĂ©es dans une base de donnĂ©es suivant lâĂ©criture du standard international « INFOODS ». Câest ainsi, quâun total de 518 recettes alimentaires a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ© dont 269 recettes Ă base de cĂ©rĂ©ales, 36 de tubercules, 33 de lĂ©gumineuses, 15 pour les produits carnĂ©s, 3 Ă base de laits et produits laitiers, 100 recettes de lĂ©gumes, 26 de lĂ©gumes feuilles pour les sauces, 31 recettes Ă base de fruits, 1 Ă base de noix et graines et 4 recettes Ă base dâĆufs. Les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es sont celles de bouillies de cĂ©rĂ©ales et mĂ©langes(145), et salades de lĂ©gumes (82) suivies des boules (27) et couscous de cĂ©rĂ©ales(26), sauces(26), purĂ©es de lĂ©gumes (25) et enfin les pates de cĂ©rĂ©ales(16), ragouts de tubercules(11), jus de fruits (14), cĂ©rĂ©ales cuites (7), pates de tubercules (5), beignets de cĂ©rĂ©ales(5), jus de lĂ©gumes(5), galettes de cĂ©rĂ©ales (6), couscous de lĂ©gumineuses (6), farines (5), fritures de tubercules,(5), grillades de produits carnĂ©s(8), biscuits de lĂ©gumineuses (6), et les gĂąteaux de cĂ©rĂ©ales (7). Cette copulation des recettes constitue Ă travers lâĂ©laboration dâun dictionnaire de code de recettes alimentaires et aliments, le point de dĂ©part de la premiĂšre Ă©tape de lâĂ©tude de consommation alimentaire des groupes vulnĂ©rables au Niger.
Since the 2005 crisis, the rates of people suffering from undernutrition have been on the rise in Niger, hence the state strategy to improve the diet of the population to remedy this. This study aims to establish all the food recipes, their ingredients and the foods commonly consumed in households in Niger. These were collected from several sources, reorganized in a database following the writing of the international standard « INFOODS ». Thus, a total of 518 food recipes have been listed including 269 recipes based on cereals, 36 on tubers, 33 on legumes, 15 for meat products, 3 based on milk and dairy products, 100 recipes for vegetables, 26 leafy greens for sauces, 31 fruit-based recipes, 1 nut and seed-based and 4 egg-based recipes. The most represented are those of cereal porridges and mixtures (145), and vegetable salads (82) followed by balls (27) and cereal couscous (26), sauces (26), vegetable purees (25) and finally cereal pasta(16), tuber ragout(11), fruit juice(14), cooked cereal(7), tuber pasta(5), cereal fritters(5), vegetable juice(5), cereals (6), legume couscous (6), flour (5), fried tubers (5), grilled meat products (8), legume biscuits (6), and cereal cakes (7) . This copulation of recipes constitutes, through the development of a code dictionary of food recipes and foods, the starting point of the first stage of the food consumption study of vulnerable groups in Niger
Typologie des exploitations agricoles productrices du mil et niébé pluvial dans la commune rurale de Karma
Principale activitĂ© des ruraux nigĂ©riens, lâagriculture fait face Ă des problĂšmes rĂ©currents de baisse de rendements conduisant Ă la paupĂ©risation et Ă lâinsĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des mĂ©nages qui lâexercent. Cette Ă©tude conduite Ă Karma vise la caractĂ©risation des systĂšmes de production du mil et de niĂ©bĂ© pluvial en vue de connaĂźtre leurs fonctionnements et leurs diverses interactions dans un contexte de changement climatique. Pour cela, une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© conduite sur un Ă©chantillon de 90 mĂ©nages dâexploitants du mil et niĂ©bĂ© pluvial. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que les systĂšmes de production sont regroupĂ©s en trois types selon la mĂ©thode dâAnalyse en Composantes Principales couplĂ©e Ă la classification de NuĂ©es dynamiques. Il sâagit du systĂšme de production agricole pure (Type A), du systĂšme agroforesterie (Type B) et du systĂšme agropastoral (Type C). Le type (A) occupe une superficie moyenne de 1,5 hectares. Il est scindĂ© en systĂšme de cultures sĂšches simple et systĂšme de cultures sĂšches associĂ© au maraĂźchage. Le type (B) sâeffectue sur 2,18 hectares et le type (C) sur une superficie moyenne de 3,25 hectares. Ainsi, le type (C) est plus performant que le type (B) qui lâest plus que le type (A).
English title: Typology of farms producing millet and rain-fed cowpeas in the rural commune of Karma
Main activity of nigeriensâ rural, agriculture faces recurring problems drop in yields leading to pauperization and food insecurity of the households that exert it. This study conducted in Karma aims to characterize millet and rain-fed cowpea production systems with a view to understanding their functioning and their various interactions to enable producers to better cope with climate change. For this, a survey was conducted on a sample of 90 households farms of millet and rain-fed cowpea. The study showed that production systems are grouped into three types according to the Principal Component Analysis method coupled with classification. of dynamic clouds. These are the pure agricultural production system (Type A), the agroforestry system (Type B) and the agro-pastoral system (Type C). Type (A) occupies an average area of 1.5 hectares. It is split into a simple dry crop system and a dry crop system associated with market gardening. Type (B) takes place on 2.18 hectares and type (C) on an average area of 3.25 hectares. Thus, type (C) is more efficient than type (B) which is better than type (A)